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| 1608 |
| | | Quebec is founded by Samuel de Champlain as a centre for the French fur trade | |
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| c. 1630 |
| | | Rival Dutch, English and French colonies are established in Guiana, the northeast coast of south America | |
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| 1638 |
| | | The French build a trading station on the estuary of the Senegal river in west Africa | |
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| 1660 |
| | | Louis XIV grants New France the status of a royal province and greatly increases the flow of colonists to north America | |
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| 1668 |
| | | The Jesuits establish a mission at Sault Sainte Marie which becomes the starting point for French exploration south of the Great Lakes | |
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| 1669 |
| | | Robert de La Salle makes his first exploration of the Ohio valley, providing the basis for France's later claim to the area | |
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| 1682 |
| | | Robert de la Salle travels down the Mississippi to its mouth and claims the entire region for France, naming it Louisiana | |
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| c. 1690 |
| | | France by now has six fortified trading settlements around the coast of India, of which Pondicherry is the most important | |
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| 1697 |
| | | In the Treaty of Rijswijk, Spain cedes the western half of Hispaniola to France, which names its new colony Saint-Domingue | |
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| 1701 |
| | | The War of the Spanish Succession breaks out between French and Austrian claimants to the Spanish throne | |
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